In this episode of FakeDetective, psychologist Nikita Grigoryev explains how our brain works when we encounter fake news, scams, and manipulation, and why people often fall into these traps even when they believe they are thinking rationally.

The discussion focuses on critical thinking from a psychological perspective, including cognitive distortions, emotional and impulsive thinking, and how urgency, fear, guilt, and trust are used by scammers and manipulators to shut down rational judgment. Nikita explains why the human brain is not naturally rational, how emotions override logic, and how manipulation exploits personal fears, traumas, and information bubbles.

The video also examines common manipulation techniques used in phone calls, social media, emails, and face-to-face interactions, as well as the role of “us vs. them” narratives in spreading fake news and propaganda. Practical advice is given on how to recognize these mechanisms, pause emotional reactions, and respond more consciously to suspicious information.

This video can be used by teachers and youth workers during lessons and workshops on critical thinking, media literacy, and online safety, and is also valuable for young people who want to better understand how manipulation works and how to protect themselves from misinformation and fraud.

Co-funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union, European Commission or The National Agency (Agency for International Programs for Youth). Neither European Union nor the granting authoiry can be held responsible for them.